Overview
Diagnostic ultrasound, also called sonography or diagnostic medical sonography, is an imaging method that uses low power sound waves to produce images of structures within your body. The images can provide valuable information for diagnosing and directing treatment for a variety of diseases and conditions. Gel is applied to your skin over the area being examined. A trained technician (sonographer) presses a small, hand-held device (transducer) against the area being studied and moves it as needed to capture the images. The transducer sends sound waves into your body, collects the ones that bounce back and sends them to a computer, which creates the images. When your exam is complete, a radiologist analyzes the images and sends a report to your doctor. Your doctor will share the results with you. You should be able to return to normal activities immediately after an ultrasound.
Why is a USG done?
- View the uterus and ovaries during pregnancy and monitor the developing baby’s health
- Diagnose gallbladder disease
- Evaluate blood flow
- Guide a needle for biopsy or tumor treatment
- Examine a breast lump
- the thyroid gland
- Find genital and prostate problems
- Assess joint inflammation (synovitis)
- Evaluate metabolic bone disease.
How to Prepare for a USG (Ultrasound)
Preparation for an ultrasound is highly dependent on the area of the body being examined. You will receive specific instructions from your doctor or the imaging center.
- For Abdominal Scans (e.g., gallbladder, liver, pancreas): You will likely be asked to fast for a certain period (e.g., 8-12 hours) before the exam. This is because food and drink can cause gas in the digestive system, which can block the sound waves and make it difficult to get a clear image of the organs.
- For Pelvic Scans (e.g., uterus, ovaries, bladder): You may be instructed to drink a large amount of water and not empty your bladder for a specified time before the exam. A full bladder helps push the intestines out of the way, providing a clearer window to view the pelvic organs.
- For Other Ultrasounds (e.g., thyroid, breast, testes, limbs): Often, no special preparation is required. You may be asked to remove jewelry or clothing from the area being scanned.
- General Tips: Wear loose-fitting clothing that allows easy access to the body part being scanned. It’s also a good idea to leave valuables and jewelry at home.
How it’s Done
Ultrasound imaging is a safe, non-invasive, and painless procedure. It’s typically performed by a trained sonographer or radiologist.
1
Preparation:
You lie on the exam table in a dim room to help the sonographer see the screen clearly.
2
Applying Gel:
A clear, water-based gel is applied to your skin to ensure smooth transmission of sound waves.
3
Using the Transducer:
The sonographer presses and moves a handheld transducer over the gel-covered area.
4
Creating the Image:
Sound waves create echoes that form real-time images of your organs on a monitor.
5
Taking Measurements:
The sonographer captures images and measurements, sometimes asking you to hold your breath or change position.
6
After the Exam:
The gel is wiped off, and you can resume normal activities right away.